Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fnesaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *pnew- (“to breathe, pant, gasp; snort, sneeze”).

Verb

*fnesaną

to breathe heavily, pant, gasp
to sneeze, snort

Inflection

Conjugation of (strong class 5)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*fnesō	*fnesaų	—	*fnesai	?
2nd singular	*fnisizi	*fnesaiz	*fnes	*fnesazai	*fnesaizau
3rd singular	*fnisidi	*fnesai	*fnesadau	*fnesadai	*fnesaidau
1st dual	*fnesōz	*fnesaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*fnesadiz	*fnesaidiz	*fnesadiz	—	—
1st plural	*fnesamaz	*fnesaim	—	*fnesandai	*fnesaindau
2nd plural	*fnisid	*fnesaid	*fnisid	*fnesandai	*fnesaindau
3rd plural	*fnesandi	*fnesain	*fnesandau	*fnesandai	*fnesaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*fnas	*fnēzį̄
2nd singular	*fnast	*fnēzīz
3rd singular	*fnas	*fnēzī
1st dual	*fnēzū	*fnēzīw
2nd dual	*fnēzudiz	*fnēzīdiz
1st plural	*fnēzum	*fnēzīm
2nd plural	*fnēzud	*fnēzīd
3rd plural	*fnēzun	*fnēzīn

	present	past
participles	*fnesandz	*fnezanaz

Derived terms

*fnasikōną
- Proto-West Germanic: *fnasikōn
  - ⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *fnasikattjan
    - Old High German: fneskazzen, fneskezzen
      - Middle High German: pfneschezen, phneschezen, phnechzen, phneschen, phnesten
*fnasōną
- Old Norse: fnasa
  - Icelandic: fnasa
*fnēsōną
- Old High German: *fnāsōn
  - Middle High German: pfnāsen, phnāsen
*fnēstuz
- Proto-West Germanic: *fnāstu
  - Old English: fnǣst
    - Middle English: fnast
  - Old High German: *fnāst
    - Middle High German: phnāst, phnast, pfnast
  - ⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *fnāstōn, *fnāstijōn
    - Old English: fnǣstian
      - Middle English: fnasten, fnesten
    - Old High German: fnāstōn
      - >? Middle High German: pfnesten, phnesten
*fnēzijaną
- Proto-West Germanic: *fnāʀijan
  - Old English: fnǣran
    - Middle English: *fneren, sneren
      - English: sneer
      - Scots: snere, sneer
    - ⇒ Old English: fnǣrettan
      - Middle English: fnerten, fnyrten, *snyrten
        English: snirt
        Scots: snirt

Related terms

*fnehaną
- Proto-West Germanic: *fnehan
*fneusaną

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *fnesan
- Old English: fnesan
  - Middle English: fnesen (merged with descendant of Old English fnēosan)
    - English: sneeze
    - Scots: sneeze