Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/frijahalsaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *frijaz (“free”) +‎ *halsaz (“neck”), thus "having a free (unhampered by a yoke, chain, etc.) neck" > "being free, freedom".[1][2]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɸri.jɑ.ˌxɑl.sɑz/

Noun

*frijahalsaz m

  1. freedom, liberty, the state of not being constrained or imprisoned

Inflection

Declension of *frijahalsaz (masculine a-stem)
singular plural
nominative *frijahalsaz *frijahalsōz, *frijahalsōs
vocative *frijahals *frijahalsōz, *frijahalsōs
accusative *frijahalsą *frijahalsanz
genitive *frijahalsas, *frijahalsis *frijahalsǫ̂
dative *frijahalsai *frijahalsamaz
instrumental *frijahalsō *frijahalsamiz

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *frijahals
    • Old English: frēols
      • Middle English: freols
    • Old High German: frīhals
      • Middle High German: vrīhals
  • Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌷𐌰𐌻𐍃 (freihals)

Adjective

*frijahalsaz

  1. free, at liberty, unconstrained

Inflection

Declension of *frijahalsaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *frijahalsaz *frijahalsō *frijahalsą, -atō *frijahalsai *frijahalsôz *frijahalsō
accusative *frijahalsanǭ *frijahalsǭ *frijahalsą, -atō *frijahalsanz *frijahalsōz *frijahalsō
genitive *frijahalsas, -is *frijahalsaizōz *frijahalsas, -is *frijahalsaizǫ̂ *frijahalsaizǫ̂ *frijahalsaizǫ̂
dative *frijahalsammai *frijahalsaizōi *frijahalsammai *frijahalsaimaz *frijahalsaimaz *frijahalsaimaz
instrumental *frijahalsanō *frijahalsaizō *frijahalsanō *frijahalsaimiz *frijahalsaimiz *frijahalsaimiz
Weak declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *frijahalsô *frijahalsǭ *frijahalsô *frijahalsaniz *frijahalsōniz *frijahalsōnō
accusative *frijahalsanų *frijahalsōnų *frijahalsô *frijahalsanunz *frijahalsōnunz *frijahalsōnō
genitive *frijahalsiniz *frijahalsōniz *frijahalsiniz *frijahalsanǫ̂ *frijahalsōnǫ̂ *frijahalsanǫ̂
dative *frijahalsini *frijahalsōni *frijahalsini *frijahalsammaz *frijahalsōmaz *frijahalsammaz
instrumental *frijahalsinē *frijahalsōnē *frijahalsinē *frijahalsammiz *frijahalsōmiz *frijahalsammiz

Derived terms

Descendants

References

  1. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*frija-xalsīn”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 114
  2. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*frija-xalsaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 114
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