Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/furhtijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

A union of two related formations, a factitive from *furhtaz (“fearful, afraid”) +‎ *-janą and denominative *furhtō (“fright, fear”) +‎ *-janą.[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɸurx.ti.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*furhtijaną[1][2]

  1. to frighten, make afraid
  2. to fear, be afraid

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *furhtijō *furhtijaų — *furhtijai ?
2nd singular *furhtīsi *furhtijais *furhtī *furhtijasai *furhtijaisau
3rd singular *furhtīþi *furhtijai *furhtijaþau *furhtijaþai *furhtijaiþau
1st dual *furhtijōs *furhtijaiw — — —
2nd dual *furhtijaþiz *furhtijaiþiz *furhtijaþiz — —
1st plural *furhtijamaz *furhtijaim — *furhtijanþai *furhtijainþau
2nd plural *furhtīþ *furhtijaiþ *furhtīþ *furhtijanþai *furhtijainþau
3rd plural *furhtijanþi *furhtijain *furhtijanþau *furhtijanþai *furhtijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *furhtidǭ *furhtidēdį̄
2nd singular *furhtidēz *furhtidēdīz
3rd singular *furhtidē *furhtidēdī
1st dual *furhtidēdū *furhtidēdīw
2nd dual *furhtidēdudiz *furhtidēdīdiz
1st plural *furhtidēdum *furhtidēdīm
2nd plural *furhtidēdud *furhtidēdīd
3rd plural *furhtidēdun *furhtidēdīn
present past
participles *furhtijandz *furhtidaz

Descendants

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*furhtjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 161: “w.v. ‘to fear’”
  2. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*furxtjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 120
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