Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gīslaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Borrowed from Proto-Celtic *geistlos (“hostage, pledge”) (compare Old Irish gíall, Welsh gwystl), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeydʰ- (“to desire, wait for”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɣiːs.lɑz/

Noun

*gīslaz m

hostage

Inflection

Declension of *gīslaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*gīslaz	gīslōz, gīslōs
vocative	*gīsl	gīslōz, gīslōs
accusative	*gīslą	*gīslanz
genitive	gīslas, gīslis	*gīslǫ̂
dative	*gīslai	*gīslamaz
instrumental	*gīslō	*gīslamiz

Derived terms

*gīslōną
*gīslungō

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *gīsl
- Old English: ġīsel, ġīsl
  - Middle English: ȝisel, ȝisle
- Old Saxon: gīsal
  - Middle Low German: gîsel
    - Low German: Giesel
- Old Dutch: *gīsal
  - Middle Dutch: gisel
    - Dutch: gijzel
    - → West Frisian: gizel
    - Middle Dutch: giselare
      - Dutch: gijzelaar
      - → West Frisian: gizeler
- Old High German: gīsal, (Lombardic) gîsil
  - Middle High German: gīsel
    - German: Geisel
      - → German Low German: Geisel
Proto-Norse: *ᚷᛁᛊᛚᚨᛉ (*gislaʀ)
- ⇒ Proto-Norse: ᚨᛊᚢᚷᛁᛊᚨᛚᚨᛊ (asugisalas /⁠ą̄sugīsᵃlas⁠/)
- Old Norse: gísl
  - Icelandic: gísl
  - Faroese: gísli
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: gissel, gisl
  - Norwegian Bokmål: gissel
  - Old Swedish: gīsl
    - ⇒ Old Swedish: gislan
      - Swedish: gisslan
  - Danish: gidsel
Vandalic: *gīsl-
→ Proto-Finnic: *kihla (see there for further descendants)