Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gōdijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *gōdaz (“good”) +‎ *-janą. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *godìti.

Pronunciation

IPA(key): /ˈɣɔː.ði.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*gōdijaną[1]

  1. to make good, improve

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *gōdijō *gōdijaų — *gōdijai ?
2nd singular *gōdīsi *gōdijais *gōdī *gōdijasai *gōdijaisau
3rd singular *gōdīþi *gōdijai *gōdijaþau *gōdijaþai *gōdijaiþau
1st dual *gōdijōs *gōdijaiw — — —
2nd dual *gōdijaþiz *gōdijaiþiz *gōdijaþiz — —
1st plural *gōdijamaz *gōdijaim — *gōdijanþai *gōdijainþau
2nd plural *gōdīþ *gōdijaiþ *gōdīþ *gōdijanþai *gōdijainþau
3rd plural *gōdijanþi *gōdijain *gōdijanþau *gōdijanþai *gōdijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *gōdidǭ *gōdidēdį̄
2nd singular *gōdidēz *gōdidēdīz
3rd singular *gōdidē *gōdidēdī
1st dual *gōdidēdū *gōdidēdīw
2nd dual *gōdidēdudiz *gōdidēdīdiz
1st plural *gōdidēdum *gōdidēdīm
2nd plural *gōdidēdud *gōdidēdīd
3rd plural *gōdidēdun *gōdidēdīn
present past
participles *gōdijandz *gōdidaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *gōdijan
    • Old Frisian: gēda
    • Old Saxon: *gōdian
    • Old Dutch: *guoden, *guoten
    • Old High German: *guoten
      • Middle High German: güeten
      • ⇒ Old High German: giguoten
  • Old Norse: gœða

References

  1. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*gōdjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 138
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