Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gaigijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰeyǵʰ-, *gʰeygʰ- (“to gape, protrude”), from *ǵʰēy(w)-, *ǵʰyāw- (“to yawn, gape”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɣɑi̯.ɣi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*gaigijaną[1]

  1. to move back and forth, to totter
  2. to take a wrong direction, to transgress

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *gaigijō *gaigijaų — *gaigijai ?
2nd singular *gaigīsi *gaigijais *gaigī *gaigijasai *gaigijaisau
3rd singular *gaigīþi *gaigijai *gaigijaþau *gaigijaþai *gaigijaiþau
1st dual *gaigijōs *gaigijaiw — — —
2nd dual *gaigijaþiz *gaigijaiþiz *gaigijaþiz — —
1st plural *gaigijamaz *gaigijaim — *gaigijanþai *gaigijainþau
2nd plural *gaigīþ *gaigijaiþ *gaigīþ *gaigijanþai *gaigijainþau
3rd plural *gaigijanþi *gaigijain *gaigijanþau *gaigijanþai *gaigijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *gaigidǭ *gaigidēdį̄
2nd singular *gaigidēz *gaigidēdīz
3rd singular *gaigidē *gaigidēdī
1st dual *gaigidēdū *gaigidēdīw
2nd dual *gaigidēdudiz *gaigidēdīdiz
1st plural *gaigidēdum *gaigidēdīm
2nd plural *gaigidēdud *gaigidēdīd
3rd plural *gaigidēdun *gaigidēdīn
present past
participles *gaigijandz *gaigidaz
  • *gīgāną

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *gaigijan
    • Old English: *gǣġan
    • Old Frisian: gēia
    • Old High German: *geigen
      • Middle High German: *geigen
        • German: geigen (“to move around, move back and forth”) (dialectal; possibly from *gīgāną instead)
  • Old Norse: geiga
    • Icelandic: geiga
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: geige

References

  1. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*ʒaiʒjanan ~ *ʒaiʒōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 122
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