Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gallô

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelH-r/n- (compare the r-stem in Norwegian galder (“swelling on a horse's foot”)[1]), cognate with Proto-Celtic *galarom (“pain, illness ~ grief”) and Hittite 𒆗𒆷𒅈 (kal-la-ar /⁠gallar-⁠/, “inauspicious, bad; enormous”) (reflecting *ǵʰ(o)lH-ro-), from a root *ǵʰelH- (“to damage, cause pain; to be bad, evil”) (compare Welsh gâl (“ache”), Lithuanian žalà (“damage, harm”) and Proto-Slavic *zъlъ (“bad, evil”)),[2][3] though this root is somewhat disputed. However, see also Proto-Germanic *gallǭ (“bile”). Connection if any to Latin galla is uncertain.

Noun

*gallô m[3]

  1. infirmity, weakness
  2. barrenness; flaw, reproach
  3. swelling; lesion

Inflection

Declension of *gallô (masculine an-stem)
singular plural
nominative *gallô *gallaniz
vocative *gallô *gallaniz
accusative *gallanų *gallanunz
genitive *galliniz *gallanǫ̂
dative *gallini *gallammaz
instrumental *gallinē *gallammiz
  • *galraz[1]
    • Norwegian: galder

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *gallō
    • Old English: ġealla, galla (“skin lesion”)
    • Old Saxon: *gallo, *galla f
      • >? Middle Low German: galle f (“swelling, defect”) (possibly via Latin galla, ultimately from Germanic)
    • Old High German: *gallo, *galla f
      • >? Middle High German: galle f (“swelling”) (possibly via Latin galla, ultimately from Germanic)
  • Old Norse: galli

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*galra-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 165
  2. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*galaro-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 149
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*ʒallōn”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 124
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