Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/garwaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Probably from *ga- +‎ *arwaz (“ready, fast”).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɣɑr.wɑz/

Adjective

*garwaz

ready, prepared

Inflection

Declension of *garwaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*garwaz	*garwō	*garwą, -atō	*garwai	*garwôz	*garwō
accusative	*garwanǭ	*garwǭ	*garwą, -atō	*garwanz	*garwōz	*garwō
genitive	*garwas, -is	*garwaizōz	*garwas, -is	*garwaizǫ̂	*garwaizǫ̂	*garwaizǫ̂
dative	*garwammai	*garwaizōi	*garwammai	*garwaimaz	*garwaimaz	*garwaimaz
instrumental	*garwanō	*garwaizō	*garwanō	*garwaimiz	*garwaimiz	*garwaimiz

Weak declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*garwô	*garwǭ	*garwô	*garwaniz	*garwōniz	*garwōnō
accusative	*garwanų	*garwōnų	*garwô	*garwanunz	*garwōnunz	*garwōnō
genitive	*garwiniz	*garwōniz	*garwiniz	*garwanǫ̂	*garwōnǫ̂	*garwanǫ̂
dative	*garwini	*garwōni	*garwini	*garwammaz	*garwōmaz	*garwammaz
instrumental	*garwinē	*garwōnē	*garwinē	*garwammiz	*garwōmiz	*garwammiz

Derived terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *garu
- Old English: ġearu, ġearo
  - Middle English: ȝare, yare
    - Scots: yare
    - English: yare, yar
- Old Frisian: *gar, *jer
  - Saterland Frisian: goar
- Old Saxon: garo, garu
  - Middle Low German: gāre, gār
    - German Low German: gaar
- Old Dutch: garo
  - Middle Dutch: gāer
    - Dutch: gaar (“cooked, done”)
      - Afrikaans: gaar
- Old High German: garo, karo
  - Middle High German: gare, gar
    - German: gar (“cooked, done”)
    - Luxembourgish: guer
Old Norse: gǫrr, gerr
- Icelandic: gjör, ger
- Old Swedish: gør, gior
- → Scots: gar, gare, gair
→ Proto-Samic: *kārvēs (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*garwa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 170

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*garwa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 170

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