Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gawahwaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

  • *gawahwnijaną, *gawahnijaną

Etymology

From *ga- +‎ *wahwaną, from Proto-Indo-European *wekʷ- (“to speak”).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɣɑ.ˈwɑ.xʷɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*gawahwaną

  1. to say; notify; remind

Inflection

Like *sehwaną, the inflection shows a three-way reflex of Indo-European *kʷ, as a result of both Verner alternation and loss of *gw.

Conjugation of (strong class 6)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *gawahwō *gawahwaų — *gawahwai ?
2nd singular *gawahwizi *gawahwaiz *gawahw *gawahwazai *gawahwaizau
3rd singular *gawahwidi *gawahwai *gawahwadau *gawahwadai *gawahwaidau
1st dual *gawahwōz *gawahwaiw — — —
2nd dual *gawahwadiz *gawahwaidiz *gawahwadiz — —
1st plural *gawahwamaz *gawahwaim — *gawahwandai *gawahwaindau
2nd plural *gawahwid *gawahwaid *gawahwid *gawahwandai *gawahwaindau
3rd plural *gawahwandi *gawahwain *gawahwandau *gawahwandai *gawahwaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *gawōhw *gawōwį̄
2nd singular *gawōht *gawōwīz
3rd singular *gawōhw *gawōwī
1st dual *gawōgū *gawōwīw
2nd dual *gawōgudiz *gawōwīdiz
1st plural *gawōgum *gawōwīm
2nd plural *gawōgud *gawōwīd
3rd plural *gawōgun *gawōwīn
present past
participles *gawahwandz *gawawanaz

Derived terms

  • *gawahtaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *gawahwan
    • Old Saxon: *giwahan
      • Middle Low German: *gewahen, gewagen; (wāgen (without prefix) < *wahwaną)
    • Old Dutch: *giwān
    • Old High German: giwahan, giwahanen
      • Middle High German: gewahen, gewähenen
        • German: gewähnen; erwähnen (with a different prefix)
          • → Saterland Frisian: ärwääne

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*wahan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 565-6
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