Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gerstō

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From virtual Proto-Indo-European *gʰersd-eh₂, from *ǵʰersd-. Cognate with Latin hordeum (“barley”), Ancient Greek κριθή (krithḗ, “barley”), Armenian գարի (gari, “wheat”), Albanian drithë (“cereal, grain”).[1][2] However, given the irregular sound correspondences (especially the Greek, which requires a root of the shape *ǵʰreydʰ-), probably of non-Indo-European substrate[1] or Wanderwort[3][4] origin. If indeed Indo-European in origin, the root would seem to be *ǵʰers- (“to be stiff”) (compare Sanskrit हर्षति (hárṣati, “to bristle”)) with some extension *-D-. For the semantics, compare the synonym *baraz (“barley”; originally “spiky leaves”, “awn”), apparently from *bʰers- (“sharp point, tip, top”). Contrast *hirsijô (“millet”) (Old Norse hirsi, Old High German hirso).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɣer.stɔː/

Noun

*gerstō f

  1. barley
    Synonyms: *baraz, *barizaz

Inflection

Declension of *gerstō (ō-stem)
singular plural
nominative *gerstō *gerstôz
vocative *gerstō *gerstôz
accusative *gerstǭ *gerstōz
genitive *gerstōz *gerstǫ̂
dative *gerstōi *gerstōmaz
instrumental *gerstō *gerstōmiz
  • *gurstaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *gerstu
    • Old English: gorst, gors (< *gurst m)
    • Old Frisian: *jerste
      • Saterland Frisian: Jäärste, Jüste
    • Old Saxon: gersta
      • Middle Low German: gerste
    • Old Dutch: *gersta
    • Old High German: gersta

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*gerstō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 306
  2. ^ Friedrich Kluge (1989) “Gerste”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 260: “*gerstō”
  3. ^ Demiraj, Bardhyl (1997) “drithë”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎[2] (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 145
  4. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κριθή”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 779
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