Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grōnijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *grōniz (“green”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

IPA(key): /ˈɣrɔː.ni.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*grōnijaną[1]

  1. to make green, to paint green

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *grōnijō *grōnijaų — *grōnijai ?
2nd singular *grōnīsi *grōnijais *grōnī *grōnijasai *grōnijaisau
3rd singular *grōnīþi *grōnijai *grōnijaþau *grōnijaþai *grōnijaiþau
1st dual *grōnijōs *grōnijaiw — — —
2nd dual *grōnijaþiz *grōnijaiþiz *grōnijaþiz — —
1st plural *grōnijamaz *grōnijaim — *grōnijanþai *grōnijainþau
2nd plural *grōnīþ *grōnijaiþ *grōnīþ *grōnijanþai *grōnijainþau
3rd plural *grōnijanþi *grōnijain *grōnijanþau *grōnijanþai *grōnijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *grōnidǭ *grōnidēdį̄
2nd singular *grōnidēz *grōnidēdīz
3rd singular *grōnidē *grōnidēdī
1st dual *grōnidēdū *grōnidēdīw
2nd dual *grōnidēdudiz *grōnidēdīdiz
1st plural *grōnidēdum *grōnidēdīm
2nd plural *grōnidēdud *grōnidēdīd
3rd plural *grōnidēdun *grōnidēdīn
present past
participles *grōnijandz *grōnidaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *grōnijan
    • Old Saxon: *grōnian
      • Middle Low German: grönen
        • German Low German: grönen
    • Old Dutch: gruonen
    • Old High German: gruonen
      • Middle High German: grüenen
  • Old Norse: grœna
    • Icelandic: græna
    • Swedish: gröna

References

  1. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*grōnjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 143
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