Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gramitjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *gramaz (“angry”) +‎ *-itjaną.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɣrɑ.mit.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*gramitjaną[1]

  1. to grunt
  2. to rage, roar

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1 j-present)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *gramitjō *gramitjaų — *gramitjai ?
2nd singular *gramitisi *gramitjais *gramiti *gramitjasai *gramitjaisau
3rd singular *gramitiþi *gramitjai *gramitjaþau *gramitjaþai *gramitjaiþau
1st dual *gramitjōs *gramitjaiw — — —
2nd dual *gramitjaþiz *gramitjaiþiz *gramitjaþiz — —
1st plural *gramitjamaz *gramitjaim — *gramitjanþai *gramitjainþau
2nd plural *gramitiþ *gramitjaiþ *gramitiþ *gramitjanþai *gramitjainþau
3rd plural *gramitjanþi *gramitjain *gramitjanþau *gramitjanþai *gramitjainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *gramistǭ *gramistēdį̄
2nd singular *gramistēz *gramistēdīz
3rd singular *gramistē *gramistēdī
1st dual *gramistēdū *gramistēdīw
2nd dual *gramistēdudiz *gramistēdīdiz
1st plural *gramistēdum *gramistēdīm
2nd plural *gramistēdud *gramistēdīd
3rd plural *gramistēdun *gramistēdīn
present past
participles *gramitjandz *gramitidaz

Descendants

  • Old English: ġremettan, ġrymettan
  • Old High German: *gremizzen; gremizzōn
    • Middle High German: gremzen
      • German: gremsen
  • Old Norse:
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: grymte

References

  1. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*gramitjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 140
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