Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/graupijaną
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From *greupaną (“to cut up, grind”) + *-janą.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɣrɑu̯.pi.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
Inflection
| active voice | passive voice | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive | |
| 1st singular | *graupijō | *graupijaų | — | *graupijai | ? | |
| 2nd singular | *graupīsi | *graupijais | *graupī | *graupijasai | *graupijaisau | |
| 3rd singular | *graupīþi | *graupijai | *graupijaþau | *graupijaþai | *graupijaiþau | |
| 1st dual | *graupijōs | *graupijaiw | — | — | — | |
| 2nd dual | *graupijaþiz | *graupijaiþiz | *graupijaþiz | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *graupijamaz | *graupijaim | — | *graupijanþai | *graupijainþau | |
| 2nd plural | *graupīþ | *graupijaiþ | *graupīþ | *graupijanþai | *graupijainþau | |
| 3rd plural | *graupijanþi | *graupijain | *graupijanþau | *graupijanþai | *graupijainþau | |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| 1st singular | *graupidǭ | *graupidēdį̄ | ||||
| 2nd singular | *graupidēz | *graupidēdīz | ||||
| 3rd singular | *graupidē | *graupidēdī | ||||
| 1st dual | *graupidēdū | *graupidēdīw | ||||
| 2nd dual | *graupidēdudiz | *graupidēdīdiz | ||||
| 1st plural | *graupidēdum | *graupidēdīm | ||||
| 2nd plural | *graupidēdud | *graupidēdīd | ||||
| 3rd plural | *graupidēdun | *graupidēdīn | ||||
| present | past | |||||
| participles | *graupijandz | *graupidaz | ||||
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *graupijan
- Old Norse: greypa
- Icelandic: greypa
- Norwegian Nynorsk: grøypa
References
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*greupan- ~ *grūpan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 188-189: “*graupjan-”
- ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*graupjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 141