Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gripjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

An intensive formation from *grīpaną.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɣrip.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*gripjaną

  1. To grip; to continually hold on to.

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *gripjō *gripjaų *gripjai ?
2nd singular *gripisi *gripjais *gripi *gripjasai *gripjaisau
3rd singular *gripiþi *gripjai *gripjaþau *gripjaþai *gripjaiþau
1st dual *gripjōs *gripjaiw
2nd dual *gripjaþiz *gripjaiþiz *gripjaþiz
1st plural *gripjamaz *gripjaim *gripjanþai *gripjainþau
2nd plural *gripiþ *gripjaiþ *gripiþ *gripjanþai *gripjainþau
3rd plural *gripjanþi *gripjain *gripjanþau *gripjanþai *gripjainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *gripidǭ *gripidēdį̄
2nd singular *gripidēz *gripidēdīz
3rd singular *gripidē *gripidēdī
1st dual *gripidēdū *gripidēdīw
2nd dual *gripidēdudiz *gripidēdīdiz
1st plural *gripidēdum *gripidēdīm
2nd plural *gripidēdud *gripidēdīd
3rd plural *gripidēdun *gripidēdīn
present past
participles *gripjandz *gripidaz

Descendants

  • Old English: grippan
  • Old High German: gripfen
    • Middle High German: gripfen, *grippen
      • Luxembourgish: Grapp (probably)