Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gudafurhtaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *gudą (“god”) +‎ *furhtaz (“fearful, afraid”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɣu.ðɑ.ˌɸurx.tɑz/

Adjective

*gudafurhtaz[1]

  1. fearful of god

Inflection

Declension of *gudafurhtaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *gudafurhtaz *gudafurhtō *gudafurhtą, *-at(ō) *gudafurhtai *gudafurhtôz *gudafurhtō
accusative *gudafurhtanǭ *gudafurhtǭ *gudafurhtą, *-at(ō) *gudafurhtanz *gudafurhtōz *gudafurhtō
genitive *gudafurhtas, *gudafurhtis *gudafurhtaizōz *gudafurhtas, *gudafurhtis *gudafurhtaizǫ̂ *gudafurhtaizǫ̂ *gudafurhtaizǫ̂
dative *gudafurhtammai *gudafurhtaizōi *gudafurhtammai *gudafurhtaimaz *gudafurhtaimaz *gudafurhtaimaz
instrumental *gudafurhtanō *gudafurhtaizō *gudafurhtanō *gudafurhtaimiz *gudafurhtaimiz *gudafurhtaimiz
Weak declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *gudafurhtô *gudafurhtǭ *gudafurhtô *gudafurhtaniz *gudafurhtōniz *gudafurhtōnō
accusative *gudafurhtanų *gudafurhtōnų *gudafurhtô *gudafurhtanunz *gudafurhtōnunz *gudafurhtōnō
genitive *gudafurhtiniz *gudafurhtōniz *gudafurhtiniz *gudafurhtanǫ̂ *gudafurhtōnǫ̂ *gudafurhtanǫ̂
dative *gudafurhtini *gudafurhtōni *gudafurhtini *gudafurhtammaz *gudafurhtōmaz *gudafurhtammaz
instrumental *gudafurhtinē *gudafurhtōnē *gudafurhtinē *gudafurhtammiz *gudafurhtōmiz *gudafurhtammiz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *godafurht
    • Old English: godfyrht, godefriht
      • Middle English: godfriht, gode-friht, godfruht, god-furht
    • Old Saxon: godforoht
      • Middle Low German: gōdesvrucht
    • Old High German: gotforht, gotforaht, gotaforht
  • Gothic: 𐌲𐌿𐌳𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌷𐍄𐍃 (gudafaurhts)

References

  1. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*guda-furxtaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 144
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