Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hōkaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *kog-, *keg-, *keng- (“peg, hook, claw”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈxɔː.kɑz/

Noun

*hōkaz m

hook

Inflection

Declension of *hōkaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*hōkaz	hōkōz, hōkōs
vocative	*hōk	hōkōz, hōkōs
accusative	*hōką	*hōkanz
genitive	hōkas, hōkis	*hōkǫ̂
dative	*hōkai	*hōkamaz
instrumental	*hōkō	*hōkamiz

Related terms

*hakô
*hēkô

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *hōk
- Old English: hōc
  - Middle English: hoc, hok, hoke, hooke
    - Scots: huke, huik, hewk
    - English: hook
- Old Frisian: hōk
  - Saterland Frisian: Houk; (Hoake)
  - West Frisian: hoeke, hoek
- Old Saxon: hōk
  - Middle Low German: hôk, hûk
    - German Low German: Hook
    - Low German: Huk
    - → German: Hook
- Frankish: *hōk
  - Old Dutch: *hōc, huc (in placenames)
    - Middle Dutch: hoec, houc
      - Dutch: hoek
        → Danish: huk
        
        → Swedish: huk
  - → Old French: hoc (also possibly from Old Norse)
    - Middle French: hoquet
      - French: hoquet
      - → English: hockey (possibly)
⇒ Old Norse: hœkja
- Icelandic: hækja
- Faroese: høkja
- Norwegian Nynorsk: høkje
- Norn: hek
- → Scots: heck; heckle
→ Proto-Finnic: *kookka
- Estonian: kook
- Finnish: kuokka
  - → Northern Sami: guohkki
- Ingrian: kookka
- Karelian:
  - North Karelian: kuokka
  - South Karelian: kuokka
- Livonian: kūok
- Livvi: kuokku
- Ludian: kuok
- Veps: kok
- Võro: kuuk
- Votic: kookkõ