Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hanapiz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

*hanipaz^[1]
*hanapaz^[2]^[3]

Etymology

A Kulturwort of unknown ultimate origin. See Ancient Greek κάνναβις (kánnabis) for more. Although a loanword, it was borrowed early enough for the word to be affected by Grimm's law, shifting *k to *h and *b to *p.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈxɑ.nɑ.piz/

Noun

*hanapiz m^[4]

hemp

Inflection

Declension of *hanapiz (i-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*hanapiz	*hanapīz
vocative	*hanapi	*hanapīz
accusative	*hanapį	*hanapinz
genitive	*hanapīz	*hanapijǫ̂
dative	*hanapī	*hanapimaz
instrumental	*hanapī	*hanapimiz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *hanapi
- Old English: henep, hænep
  - Middle English: hanep, henep, henepe, henpe, hempe, hemp
    - English: hemp
    - Scots: hemp, hempt
- Old Frisian: *hanep, *hānp, *henep, *henp
  - Saterland Frisian: Hoamp
  - West Frisian: himp
- Old Saxon: hanap, hanup
  - Middle Low German: hennep, hennip, hēnep, henp
    - German Low German: Hämp
    - Westphalian:
      Münsterländer: Hannop (Westmünsterländisch)
      East Westphalian: Hamp (Ravensberger)
- Old Dutch: *hanap, *henep
  - Middle Dutch: hannep, hennep, hanep, hennip
    - Dutch: hennep, hennip (obsolete)
      - Afrikaans: hennep
      - ⇒ Indonesian: henep
- Old High German: hanaf, hanif
  - Middle High German: hanef, hanif, hanf
    - Alemannic German: Hamf
    - German: Hanf
      - → Luxembourgish: Hanf
      - → Low German: Hanf, Hannef
    - Luxembourgish: Hunnef (dated)
    - Yiddish: האַנף (hanf)
Old Norse: hampr
- Icelandic: hampur
- Faroese: hampur
- Norwegian: hamp
- Old Swedish: hamper, hampa
  - Swedish: hampa
    - → Finnish: hamppu
- Elfdalian: ampa
- Danish: hamp
- Gutnish: hamp, amp

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 209
^ Vladimir Orel, A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, s.v. "*xan(a)paz" (Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 2003), 159.
^ Calvert Watkins, The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots: Third Edition, s.v. "kannabis" (Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2011), 38.
^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[2], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 297

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 209

[2] Vladimir Orel, A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, s.v. "*xan(a)paz" (Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 2003), 159.

[3] Calvert Watkins, The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots: Third Edition, s.v. "kannabis" (Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2011), 38.

[4] Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[2], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 297

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