Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hlīdaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱley- (“to shelter, cover”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈxliː.ðɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hlīdaną[1]

  1. to cover, to close, to lock

Inflection

Conjugation of (strong class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hlīdō *hlīdaų — *hlīdai ?
2nd singular *hlīdizi *hlīdaiz *hlīd *hlīdazai *hlīdaizau
3rd singular *hlīdidi *hlīdai *hlīdadau *hlīdadai *hlīdaidau
1st dual *hlīdōz *hlīdaiw — — —
2nd dual *hlīdadiz *hlīdaidiz *hlīdadiz — —
1st plural *hlīdamaz *hlīdaim — *hlīdandai *hlīdaindau
2nd plural *hlīdid *hlīdaid *hlīdid *hlīdandai *hlīdaindau
3rd plural *hlīdandi *hlīdain *hlīdandau *hlīdandai *hlīdaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hlaid *hlidį̄
2nd singular *hlaist *hlidīz
3rd singular *hlaid *hlidī
1st dual *hlidū *hlidīw
2nd dual *hlidudiz *hlidīdiz
1st plural *hlidum *hlidīm
2nd plural *hlidud *hlidīd
3rd plural *hlidun *hlidīn
present past
participles *hlīdandz *hlidanaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *hlīdan
    • Old English: hlīdan
    • Old Frisian: hlīda
    • Old Saxon: *hlīdan

References

  1. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*hlīđanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 177
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