Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hnaitijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *hnītaną (“to push, knock”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈhnɑi.ti.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hnaitijaną[1][2]

  1. to hit, to poke, to strike
  2. to insult

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hnaitijō *hnaitijaų — *hnaitijai ?
2nd singular *hnaitīsi *hnaitijais *hnaitī *hnaitijasai *hnaitijaisau
3rd singular *hnaitīþi *hnaitijai *hnaitijaþau *hnaitijaþai *hnaitijaiþau
1st dual *hnaitijōs *hnaitijaiw — — —
2nd dual *hnaitijaþiz *hnaitijaiþiz *hnaitijaþiz — —
1st plural *hnaitijamaz *hnaitijaim — *hnaitijanþai *hnaitijainþau
2nd plural *hnaitīþ *hnaitijaiþ *hnaitīþ *hnaitijanþai *hnaitijainþau
3rd plural *hnaitijanþi *hnaitijain *hnaitijanþau *hnaitijanþai *hnaitijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hnaitidǭ *hnaitidēdį̄
2nd singular *hnaitidēz *hnaitidēdīz
3rd singular *hnaitidē *hnaitidēdī
1st dual *hnaitidēdū *hnaitidēdīw
2nd dual *hnaitidēdudiz *hnaitidēdīdiz
1st plural *hnaitidēdum *hnaitidēdīm
2nd plural *hnaitidēdud *hnaitidēdīd
3rd plural *hnaitidēdun *hnaitidēdīn
present past
participles *hnaitijandz *hnaitidaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *hnaitijan
    • Old Saxon: *hnētian
    • Old High German: neizen
      • Middle High German: neizen
  • Old Norse: hneita

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hnītan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 236: “*hnaitjan-”
  2. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*xnaitjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 179
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