Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hnawwaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

Etymology

A u-stem adjectival formation from *hnewwaną (“to hit”). [1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈxnɑw.wɑz/

Adjective

*hnawwaz

  1. tight; narrow
  2. sparse; meager; lean; scarce; stingy

Inflection

Declension of *hnawwaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *hnawwaz *hnawwō *hnawwą, -atō *hnawwai *hnawwôz *hnawwō
accusative *hnawwanǭ *hnawwǭ *hnawwą, -atō *hnawwanz *hnawwōz *hnawwō
genitive *hnawwas, -is *hnawwaizōz *hnawwas, -is *hnawwaizǫ̂ *hnawwaizǫ̂ *hnawwaizǫ̂
dative *hnawwammai *hnawwaizōi *hnawwammai *hnawwaimaz *hnawwaimaz *hnawwaimaz
instrumental *hnawwanō *hnawwaizō *hnawwanō *hnawwaimiz *hnawwaimiz *hnawwaimiz
Weak declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *hnawwô *hnawwǭ *hnawwô *hnawwaniz *hnawwōniz *hnawwōnō
accusative *hnawwanų *hnawwōnų *hnawwô *hnawwanunz *hnawwōnunz *hnawwōnō
genitive *hnawwiniz *hnawwōniz *hnawwiniz *hnawwanǫ̂ *hnawwōnǫ̂ *hnawwanǫ̂
dative *hnawwini *hnawwōni *hnawwini *hnawwammaz *hnawwōmaz *hnawwammaz
instrumental *hnawwinē *hnawwōnē *hnawwinē *hnawwammiz *hnawwōmiz *hnawwammiz

Descendants

  • Old English: hnēaw
  • Old Frisian: *nāu
    • Saterland Frisian: nau
    • West Frisian: nau
  • Old Saxon: *hnauw
    • Middle Low German: nouwe, nau
      • German Low German: nau
      • ⇒ Middle Low German: genouwe
        • German Low German: genau, (regional Low Prussian (Danziger Nehrung mit dem nördlichen Teil des Werders)) jenaif
          • → Saterland Frisian: gnau
  • Old Dutch: *nauw
  • Old High German: *hnouw, *nouw
    • Middle High German: nouwe, nou
      • ⇒ Middle High German: genouwe, genoue
  • Old Norse: hnøggr

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hnawwu-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 234
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