Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hnukāną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *knewg- (“to press; push; bend”), from *ken- (“to press; pinch”).

Verb

*hnukāną

to be bent, flex, curve, draw up, shrink, wrinkle, become pinched

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 3)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*hnukō	?	—	?	?
2nd singular	*hnukaisi	?	*hnukai	*hnukāsai	?
3rd singular	*hnukaiþi	?	*hnukāþau	*hnukāþai	?
1st dual	*hnukōs	?	—	—	—
2nd dual	*hnukāþiz	?	*hnukāþiz	—	—
1st plural	*hnukāmaz	?	—	*hnukānþai	?
2nd plural	*hnukaiþ	?	*hnukaiþ	*hnukānþai	?
3rd plural	*hnukānþi	?	*hnukānþau	*hnukānþai	?

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hnukadǭ	*hnukadēdį̄
2nd singular	*hnukadēz	*hnukadēdīz
3rd singular	*hnukadē	*hnukadēdī
1st dual	*hnukadēdū	*hnukadēdīw
2nd dual	*hnukadēdudiz	*hnukadēdīdiz
1st plural	*hnukadēdum	*hnukadēdīm
2nd plural	*hnukadēdud	*hnukadēdīd
3rd plural	*hnukadēdun	*hnukadēdīn

	present	past
participles	*hnukāndz	*hnukadaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *hnukēn
- Old English: ġehnycned; ġenycled (for *ġehnycled)
- Old Frisian: *nukja, *nukkia
  - Saterland Frisian: Nukke
  - West Frisian: neuke
- Old Saxon: *hnukian; *hnukōn
  - Middle Low German: *nuken, *noken
    - German Low German: nucken, nöken
- Old Dutch: *nuken; *nukon
  - Middle Dutch: *noken, *neuken
    - Dutch: neuken, n**ken, n*uken, n...ken, ne*ken (censored)
      - Afrikaans: neuk
      - → English: nookie (possibly)
Old Norse: hnykkja
- Icelandic: hnykkja
- Faroese: nykkja
- Old Swedish: nykkia
  - Swedish: nycka (dialectal)
- Danish: nykke