Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hukkōną
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Pre-Germanic *kuk-néh₂-, a zero-grade iterative to Proto-Indo-European *kewk- (“to bend, curve, elevate”). The strong verb *hūkaną was likely back-formed from the iterative. Related to Sanskrit कुचति (kucáti, “to make crooked”), Lithuanian kaũkas (“lump”),[1] Proto-Slavic *kukati ~ Proto-Slavic *kučati (“to squat”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈxuk.kɔː.nɑ̃/
Verb
*hukkōną
Inflection
The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, *hukk- against *hug-.
| active voice | passive voice | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive | |
| 1st singular | *hukkō | *hukkǭ | — | *hukkōi | ? | |
| 2nd singular | *hukkōsi | *hukkōs | *hukkō | *hukkōsai | *hukkōsau | |
| 3rd singular | *hukkōþi | *hukkō | *hukkōþau | *hukkōþai | *hukkōþau | |
| 1st dual | *hukkōs | *hukkōw | — | — | — | |
| 2nd dual | *hukkōþiz | *hukkōþiz | *hukkōþiz | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *hukkōmaz | *hukkōm | — | *hukkōnþai | *hukkōnþau | |
| 2nd plural | *hukkōþ | *hukkōþ | *hukkōþ | *hukkōnþai | *hukkōnþau | |
| 3rd plural | *hukkōnþi | *hukkōn | *hukkōnþau | *hukkōnþai | *hukkōnþau | |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| 1st singular | *hukkōdǭ | *hukkōdēdį̄ | ||||
| 2nd singular | *hukkōdēz | *hukkōdēdīz | ||||
| 3rd singular | *hukkōdē | *hukkōdēdī | ||||
| 1st dual | *hukkōdēdū | *hukkōdēdīw | ||||
| 2nd dual | *hukkōdēdudiz | *hukkōdēdīdiz | ||||
| 1st plural | *hukkōdēdum | *hukkōdēdīm | ||||
| 2nd plural | *hukkōdēdud | *hukkōdēdīd | ||||
| 3rd plural | *hukkōdēdun | *hukkōdēdīn | ||||
| present | past | |||||
| participles | *hukkōndz | *hukkōdaz | ||||
Related terms
Descendants
References
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*huk(k)ōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 252-3