Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hwapjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *kwep- (“to smoke, seethe, boil, surge”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈxwɑp.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hwapjaną[1][2]

  1. to choke

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hwapjō *hwapjaų — *hwapjai ?
2nd singular *hwapisi *hwapjais *hwapi *hwapjasai *hwapjaisau
3rd singular *hwapiþi *hwapjai *hwapjaþau *hwapjaþai *hwapjaiþau
1st dual *hwapjōs *hwapjaiw — — —
2nd dual *hwapjaþiz *hwapjaiþiz *hwapjaþiz — —
1st plural *hwapjamaz *hwapjaim — *hwapjanþai *hwapjainþau
2nd plural *hwapiþ *hwapjaiþ *hwapiþ *hwapjanþai *hwapjainþau
3rd plural *hwapjanþi *hwapjain *hwapjanþau *hwapjanþai *hwapjainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hwapidǭ *hwapidēdį̄
2nd singular *hwapidēz *hwapidēdīz
3rd singular *hwapidē *hwapidēdī
1st dual *hwapidēdū *hwapidēdīw
2nd dual *hwapidēdudiz *hwapidēdīdiz
1st plural *hwapidēdum *hwapidēdīm
2nd plural *hwapidēdud *hwapidēdīd
3rd plural *hwapidēdun *hwapidēdīn
present past
participles *hwapjandz *hwapidaz
  • *hwapą

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *hwappjan
    • Old High German: *hwepfen, *wepfen
      • Middle High German: wepfen
        • ⇒ Middle High German: ferwepfen, verwepfen
  • Gothic: *𐍈𐌰𐍀𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*ƕapjan)

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hwapjan”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 263
  2. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*xwapjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 198
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.