Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hwirbilōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *hwirbilaz (“circle, ring, whirl”) +‎ *-ōną.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈxʷir.βi.lɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hwirbilōną[1]

  1. to whirl

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hwirbilō *hwirbilǭ — *hwirbilōi ?
2nd singular *hwirbilōsi *hwirbilōs *hwirbilō *hwirbilōsai *hwirbilōsau
3rd singular *hwirbilōþi *hwirbilō *hwirbilōþau *hwirbilōþai *hwirbilōþau
1st dual *hwirbilōs *hwirbilōw — — —
2nd dual *hwirbilōþiz *hwirbilōþiz *hwirbilōþiz — —
1st plural *hwirbilōmaz *hwirbilōm — *hwirbilōnþai *hwirbilōnþau
2nd plural *hwirbilōþ *hwirbilōþ *hwirbilōþ *hwirbilōnþai *hwirbilōnþau
3rd plural *hwirbilōnþi *hwirbilōn *hwirbilōnþau *hwirbilōnþai *hwirbilōnþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hwirbilōdǭ *hwirbilōdēdį̄
2nd singular *hwirbilōdēz *hwirbilōdēdīz
3rd singular *hwirbilōdē *hwirbilōdēdī
1st dual *hwirbilōdēdū *hwirbilōdēdīw
2nd dual *hwirbilōdēdudiz *hwirbilōdēdīdiz
1st plural *hwirbilōdēdum *hwirbilōdēdīm
2nd plural *hwirbilōdēdud *hwirbilōdēdīd
3rd plural *hwirbilōdēdun *hwirbilōdēdīn
present past
participles *hwirbilōndz *hwirbilōdaz

Descendants

  • Old English: *hwirfilian
    • Middle English: *whirvelen
      • Middle English: whirlen
  • Old Dutch: *wervilon
  • Old High German: *wirbilōn
    • Middle High German: *wirbeln
  • Old Norse: hvirfla
    • Danish: hvirvle
    • Icelandic: hvirfla
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: kvervle
    • Norwegian Bokmål: virvle
    • Swedish: virvla

References

  1. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*hwerbilōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 200
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