Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ilhilaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁elḱ-, compare Proto-Indo-European *h₁élḱos (sore, ulcer). Possibly cognate with Proto-Celtic *ulkos (bad, evil).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈil.xi.lɑz/

Adjective

*ilhilaz

  1. (North Germanic) evil, bad
    Synonym: *ubilaz

Inflection

Declension of *ilhilaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *ilhilaz *ilhilō *ilhilą, -atō *ilhilai *ilhilôz *ilhilō
accusative *ilhilanǭ *ilhilǭ *ilhilą, -atō *ilhilanz *ilhilōz *ilhilō
genitive *ilhilas, -is *ilhilaizōz *ilhilas, -is *ilhilaizǫ̂ *ilhilaizǫ̂ *ilhilaizǫ̂
dative *ilhilammai *ilhilaizōi *ilhilammai *ilhilaimaz *ilhilaimaz *ilhilaimaz
instrumental *ilhilanō *ilhilaizō *ilhilanō *ilhilaimiz *ilhilaimiz *ilhilaimiz
Weak declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *ilhilô *ilhilǭ *ilhilô *ilhilaniz *ilhilōniz *ilhilōnō
accusative *ilhilanų *ilhilōnų *ilhilô *ilhilanunz *ilhilōnunz *ilhilōnō
genitive *ilhiliniz *ilhilōniz *ilhiliniz *ilhilanǫ̂ *ilhilōnǫ̂ *ilhilanǫ̂
dative *ilhilini *ilhilōni *ilhilini *ilhilammaz *ilhilōmaz *ilhilammaz
instrumental *ilhilinē *ilhilōnē *ilhilinē *ilhilammiz *ilhilōmiz *ilhilammiz

Antonyms

Descendants

  • Old Norse: illr
    • Icelandic: illur
    • Faroese: illur
    • Old Swedish: ilder, īller
    • Old Danish: illæ
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: ille
    • Middle English: ille, ill, il
  • Proto-Finnic: *ilkëda
    • Estonian: ilge
    • Finnish: ilkeä
      • Votic: hilkiä
    • Ingrian: ilkiä
    • Karelian: (Northern) ilkie, (Southern) ilgie
    • Livvi: ilgei
    • Votic: ilka
    • Northern Sami: ilgat
    • Inari Sami: ilgâd