Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ili

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Likely an old t-stem, from earlier *ilit, from Pre-Germanic *ilid.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈi.li/

Noun

*ili n[1]

  1. sole of the foot

Inflection

Like *alu and *mili, the nominative singular form lacks the final consonant of the stem. This preserves an old sound change from late PIE, where word-final *-t becomes *-d. According to Grimm's Law, *t shifted to *þ, and *d shifted to *t. Following this, word-final *-t was lost regularly.

Declension of *ili (neuter consonant stem)
singular plural
nominative *ili *iliþ
vocative *ili *iliþ
accusative *ili *iliþ
genitive *iliþiz *iliþǫ̂
dative *iliþi *iliþumaz
instrumental *iliþē *iliþumiz
  • *īlô

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *ili
    • Old English: ill n, ile m
    • Old Frisian: ili, ile, il
      • North Frisian: il, eel
      • Saterland Frisian: Íelt
      • West Frisian: yl, ylt
    • Old Saxon: *ili, *ilthi
    • Old Dutch: *ili, *ilithi, *ilthi
      • Middle Dutch: *ele, *elede, *elde, *elet, *ēlt (alternatively, borrowed from Middle Low German)
  • Old Norse: il f (< *iljō)
    • Icelandic: il
    • Faroese: il
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: il
    • Norwegian Bokmål: il
    • Old Swedish: il

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*iliþ-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 269
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