Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kerzaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gers-. Cognate with Latin garrio (“to chatter”) and Lithuanian gar̃sas (“sound”).

The expected form *kersaną is unattested, the current form with -z- arose by influence of the iterative *kurzōną.[2]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈker.zɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*kerzaną[2]

  1. to creak (of birds)
  2. to cry (of birds)

Inflection

Conjugation of (strong class 3)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *kerzō *kerzaų — *kerzai ?
2nd singular *kirzizi *kerzaiz *kerz *kerzazai *kerzaizau
3rd singular *kirzidi *kerzai *kerzadau *kerzadai *kerzaidau
1st dual *kerzōz *kerzaiw — — —
2nd dual *kerzadiz *kerzaidiz *kerzadiz — —
1st plural *kerzamaz *kerzaim — *kerzandai *kerzaindau
2nd plural *kirzid *kerzaid *kirzid *kerzandai *kerzaindau
3rd plural *kerzandi *kerzain *kerzandau *kerzandai *kerzaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *karz *kurzį̄
2nd singular *karzt *kurzīz
3rd singular *karz *kurzī
1st dual *kurzū *kurzīw
2nd dual *kurzudiz *kurzīdiz
1st plural *kurzum *kurzīm
2nd plural *kurzud *kurzīd
3rd plural *kurzun *kurzīn
present past
participles *kerzandz *kurzanaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *kerʀan
    • Old English: ċeorran
    • Old Dutch: *kerran
    • Old High German: kerran, cherran
      • Middle High German: kerren

References

  1. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*kerranan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 213
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*kerzan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 285
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