Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krangijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *kringaną (“to fall”) +‎ *-janą.[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈkrɑŋ.ɡi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*krangijaną

  1. to make turn, fall

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *krangijō *krangijaų — *krangijai ?
2nd singular *krangīsi *krangijais *krangī *krangijasai *krangijaisau
3rd singular *krangīþi *krangijai *krangijaþau *krangijaþai *krangijaiþau
1st dual *krangijōs *krangijaiw — — —
2nd dual *krangijaþiz *krangijaiþiz *krangijaþiz — —
1st plural *krangijamaz *krangijaim — *krangijanþai *krangijainþau
2nd plural *krangīþ *krangijaiþ *krangīþ *krangijanþai *krangijainþau
3rd plural *krangijanþi *krangijain *krangijanþau *krangijanþai *krangijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *krangidǭ *krangidēdį̄
2nd singular *krangidēz *krangidēdīz
3rd singular *krangidē *krangidēdī
1st dual *krangidēdū *krangidēdīw
2nd dual *krangidēdudiz *krangidēdīdiz
1st plural *krangidēdum *krangidēdīm
2nd plural *krangidēdud *krangidēdīd
3rd plural *krangidēdun *krangidēdīn
present past
participles *krangijandz *krangidaz

Descendants

  • Old English: *crenġan, *crenċġan, *crenċan
  • Old Saxon: *krengian
    • Middle Low German: *krengen
  • Old Dutch: *krengen
  • Old High German: *krengen
    • Middle High German: *krengen
      • German: krängen

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*krangjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 302
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