Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kumþiz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷém-ti-s ~ *gʷm̥-téy-s. Equivalent to *kwemaną (“to come”) +‎ *-þiz.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈkum.θiz/

Noun

*kumþiz f^[1]

coming, arrival

Alternative reconstructions

*kwumþiz^[2]

Inflection

The oblique has the voiced Verner alternant (with regular assimilation *md > *nd).

Declension of *kumþiz (i-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*kumþiz	*kumþīz
vocative	*kumþi	*kumþīz
accusative	*kumþį	*kumþīnz
genitive	*kundīz	*kundijǫ̂
dative	*kundī	*kundimaz
instrumental	*kundī	*kundimiz

Descendants

Old Dutch: cumst
- Middle Dutch: comste, comst
  - Dutch: komst
    - Negerhollands: die kom, kom
Old High German: -kumft (found in compounds, framkumft)
- Middle High German: -kunft
  - German: -kunft
(Old Norse: *kund) (found in compounds, samkund < *kumdō/*kumdiz, showing Verner alternation)
- Icelandic: -kund, -kunda
Gothic: *𐌵𐌿𐌼𐌸𐍃 (*qumþs), 𐌲𐌰𐌵𐌿𐌼𐌸𐍃 (gaqumþs) (with -q- restored under influence of 𐌵𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌽 (qiman))

References

^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 93
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 321

[1] Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 93

[2] Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 321

[1]

[2]