Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kwaljaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *kwelaną (“to suffer”) +‎ *-janą.[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈkʷɑl.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*kwaljaną

  1. to make suffer, to hurt

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *kwaljō *kwaljaų — *kwaljai ?
2nd singular *kwalisi *kwaljais *kwali *kwaljasai *kwaljaisau
3rd singular *kwaliþi *kwaljai *kwaljaþau *kwaljaþai *kwaljaiþau
1st dual *kwaljōs *kwaljaiw — — —
2nd dual *kwaljaþiz *kwaljaiþiz *kwaljaþiz — —
1st plural *kwaljamaz *kwaljaim — *kwaljanþai *kwaljainþau
2nd plural *kwaliþ *kwaljaiþ *kwaliþ *kwaljanþai *kwaljainþau
3rd plural *kwaljanþi *kwaljain *kwaljanþau *kwaljanþai *kwaljainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *kwalidǭ *kwalidēdį̄
2nd singular *kwalidēz *kwalidēdīz
3rd singular *kwalidē *kwalidēdī
1st dual *kwalidēdū *kwalidēdīw
2nd dual *kwalidēdudiz *kwalidēdīdiz
1st plural *kwalidēdum *kwalidēdīm
2nd plural *kwalidēdud *kwalidēdīd
3rd plural *kwalidēdun *kwalidēdīn
present past
participles *kwaljandz *kwalidaz

Derived terms

  • *kwalīniz

Descendants

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*kwaljan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 315
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