Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kwerruz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From a Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH- (“to crumble, weaken”), and related to Latvian gur̃t (“to become weak, slacken”) and Lithuanian gùrti (“to crumble, weaken, subside”). The root *gʷerH- may be further identical to *gʷerh₂- (“heavy”), from the same semantic tree as Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂wō (“quern, millstone”), thus "to grind with a quern" > "to weaken, make lax" > "to make still, quiet".[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈkwer.ruz/

Adjective

*kwerruz (comparative *kwirrizô, superlative *kwirristaz)

  1. calm; still; quiet

Inflection

Declension of *kwerruz (u-stem)
Strong declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *kwerruz *kwirrī *kwerrų, *-jatō *kwirrijai *kwirrijôz *kwirrijō
accusative *kwirrijanǭ *kwirrijǭ *kwerrų, *-jatō *kwirrijanz *kwirrijōz *kwirrijō
genitive *kwirrijas, *kwirrīs *kwirrijaizōz *kwirrijas, *kwirrīs *kwirrijaizǫ̂ *kwirrijaizǫ̂ *kwirrijaizǫ̂
dative *kwirrijammai *kwirrijaizōi *kwirrijammai *kwirrijaimaz *kwirrijaimaz *kwirrijaimaz
instrumental *kwirrijanō *kwirrijaizō *kwirrijanō *kwirrijaimiz *kwirrijaimiz *kwirrijaimiz
Weak declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *kwirrijô *kwirrijǭ *kwirrijô *kwirrijaniz *kwirrijōniz *kwirrijōnō
accusative *kwirrijanų *kwirrijōnų *kwirrijô *kwirrijanunz *kwirrijōnunz *kwirrijōnō
genitive *kwirrīniz *kwirrijōniz *kwirrīniz *kwirrijanǫ̂ *kwirrijōnǫ̂ *kwirrijanǫ̂
dative *kwirrīni *kwirrijōni *kwirrīni *kwirrijammaz *kwirrijōmaz *kwirrijammaz
instrumental *kwirrīnē *kwirrijōnē *kwirrīnē *kwirrijammiz *kwirrijōmiz *kwirrijammiz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *kwirrī
    • Old Saxon: *kwerri
    • Old High German: *quirri, *querri
  • Old Norse: kyrr, kvirr
  • Gothic: 𐌵𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍂𐌿𐍃 (qairrus)

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*kwerru-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 318
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