Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kwiknaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *kwikwaz (“alive”) +‎ *-naną.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈkʷik.nɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*kwiknaną^[1]

to come to life

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 4)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*kwiknō	*kwiknaų	—	—	—
2nd singular	*kwiknōsi	*kwiknais	*kwiknō	—	—
3rd singular	*kwiknōþi	*kwiknai	*kwiknōþau	—	—
1st dual	*kwiknōs	*kwiknaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*kwiknaþiz	*kwiknaiþiz	*kwiknaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*kwiknamaz	*kwiknaim	—	—	—
2nd plural	*kwiknaþ	*kwiknaiþ	*kwiknaþ	—	—
3rd plural	*kwiknanþi	*kwiknain	*kwiknanþau	—	—

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*kwiknōdǭ	*kwiknōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*kwiknōdēz	*kwiknōdēdīz
3rd singular	*kwiknōdē	*kwiknōdēdī
1st dual	*kwiknōdēdū	*kwiknōdēdīw
2nd dual	*kwiknōdēdudiz	*kwiknōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*kwiknōdēdum	*kwiknōdēdīm
2nd plural	*kwiknōdēdud	*kwiknōdēdīd
3rd plural	*kwiknōdēdun	*kwiknōdēdīn

	present	past
participles	*kwiknandz	—

Descendants

Old Norse: kvikna, kykna
- Icelandic: kvikna
- Faroese: kvikna
- Danish: kvikne
- Old Swedish: qvikna
  - Swedish: kvickna
- Norwegian:
  - Norwegian Bokmål: kvikne
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: kvikna, kvikne
- →? Middle English: quikenen
  - English: quicken
  - Scots: quikkin, quickin
⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌵𐌹𐌿𐌽𐌰𐌽 (gaqiunan)

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*kwiwa- ~ *kwikwa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 320

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*kwiwa- ~ *kwikwa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 320

[1]