Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/lingwaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁lengʷʰ- (“lightweight; swift”).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈliŋʷ.ɡʷɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*lingwaną^[1]^[2]

(West Germanic) to make progress, succeed

Inflection

Conjugation of (strong class 3)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*lingwō	*lingwaų	—	*lingwai	?
2nd singular	*lingwizi	*lingwaiz	*lingw	*lingwazai	*lingwaizau
3rd singular	*lingwidi	*lingwai	*lingwadau	*lingwadai	*lingwaidau
1st dual	*lingwōz	*lingwaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*lingwadiz	*lingwaidiz	*lingwadiz	—	—
1st plural	*lingwamaz	*lingwaim	—	*lingwandai	*lingwaindau
2nd plural	*lingwid	*lingwaid	*lingwid	*lingwandai	*lingwaindau
3rd plural	*lingwandi	*lingwain	*lingwandau	*lingwandai	*lingwaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*langw	*lungį̄
2nd singular	*lanht	*lungīz
3rd singular	*langw	*lungī
1st dual	*lungū	*lungīw
2nd dual	*lungudiz	*lungīdiz
1st plural	*lungum	*lungīm
2nd plural	*lungud	*lungīd
3rd plural	*lungun	*lungīn

	present	past
participles	*lingwandz	*lunganaz

Related terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *lingwan
- Old Saxon: *lingan
  - Middle Low German: lingen
    - German Low German: lingen
- Old High German: lingan
  - Middle High German: lingen
    - German: lingen
- ⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *galingwan
  - Old Saxon: *gilingan
    - Middle Low German: gelingen
  - Old Dutch: *gilingan
    - Middle Dutch: gelingen
      - Dutch: gelingen
  - Old High German: gilingan
    - Middle High German: gelingen
      - German: gelingen
      - Luxembourgish: geléngen
      - Yiddish: געלינגען (gelingen)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*lingwan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 338-339
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*lenʒ(w)anan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 240

[EDPG-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*lingwan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 338-339

[2] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*lenʒ(w)anan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 240

[1]

[2]