Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/malskaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From earlier *malhskaz, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)mel- (“to weaken, soften, crush, grind”), equivalent to *malh- +‎ *-skaz. Cognate with Ancient Greek μαλακός (malakós, “soft, weak”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈmɑl.skɑz/

Adjective

*malskaz

  1. soft, tender
  2. touchy, sensitive
  3. high-spirited; haughty, overconfident

Inflection

Declension of *malskaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *malskaz *malskō *malską, -atō *malskai *malskôz *malskō
accusative *malskanǭ *malskǭ *malską, -atō *malskanz *malskōz *malskō
genitive *malskas, -is *malskaizōz *malskas, -is *malskaizǫ̂ *malskaizǫ̂ *malskaizǫ̂
dative *malskammai *malskaizōi *malskammai *malskaimaz *malskaimaz *malskaimaz
instrumental *malskanō *malskaizō *malskanō *malskaimiz *malskaimiz *malskaimiz
Weak declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *malskô *malskǭ *malskô *malskaniz *malskōniz *malskōnō
accusative *malskanų *malskōnų *malskô *malskanunz *malskōnunz *malskōnō
genitive *malskiniz *malskōniz *malskiniz *malskanǫ̂ *malskōnǫ̂ *malskanǫ̂
dative *malskini *malskōni *malskini *malskammaz *malskōmaz *malskammaz
instrumental *malskinē *malskōnē *malskinē *malskammiz *malskōmiz *malskammiz
  • *malsmô

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *malsk
    • Old Saxon: malsk, malsc (“wanton”)
      • Middle Low German: malsch, mals (“arrogant, proud, bold, daring”)
        • Low German: malsk, mals, molsch
          • ⇒ Low German: malsig
    • Old Dutch: *malsc
    • Old High German: *malsk > *malscrōn; malscrunc
      • Middle High German: malsch, malz (“bold, daring”)
    • ⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *malskurōn
  • Gothic: *𐌼𐌰𐌻𐍃𐌺𐍃 (*malsks); 𐌿𐌽𐍄𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌻𐍃𐌺𐍃 (untilamalsks)
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