Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/miskijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

Etymology

From earlier *mihsk-, from Proto-Indo-European *miḱ-sḱé- (*sḱé- inchoative present) (whence Latin misceō (“mix”), Ancient Greek μίσγω (mísgō, “mix”)), from *meyǵ-, *meyḱ- (“to mix, knead”). Cognate with *maiskaz, *maiskō (“mixture”), Old Irish mescaid (“mix”), Sanskrit मेक्षयति (mekṣáyati, “to mingle, mix”).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈmis.ki.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*miskijaną

  1. to mix, combine

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *miskijō *miskijaų — *miskijai ?
2nd singular *miskīsi *miskijais *miskī *miskijasai *miskijaisau
3rd singular *miskīþi *miskijai *miskijaþau *miskijaþai *miskijaiþau
1st dual *miskijōs *miskijaiw — — —
2nd dual *miskijaþiz *miskijaiþiz *miskijaþiz — —
1st plural *miskijamaz *miskijaim — *miskijanþai *miskijainþau
2nd plural *miskīþ *miskijaiþ *miskīþ *miskijanþai *miskijainþau
3rd plural *miskijanþi *miskijain *miskijanþau *miskijanþai *miskijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *miskidǭ *miskidēdį̄
2nd singular *miskidēz *miskidēdīz
3rd singular *miskidē *miskidēdī
1st dual *miskidēdū *miskidēdīw
2nd dual *miskidēdudiz *miskidēdīdiz
1st plural *miskidēdum *miskidēdīm
2nd plural *miskidēdud *miskidēdīd
3rd plural *miskidēdun *miskidēdīn
present past
participles *miskijandz *miskidaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *miskijan, *miskōn
    • Old English: *mixian, miscian
      • Middle English: mixen (attested in myxyd (past participle))
    • Old Frisian: *miskia
      • Saterland Frisian: miskje
      • West Frisian: mjuksje
    • Old Saxon: *misken, *miskōn
    • Frankish: *misken, *miscen; *misklōn; *misklinga
      • Old Dutch: misken
        • Middle Dutch: mischen, misschen
          • Dutch: (obsolete) misschen, (dialectal) missen, miesjen, meisjen
          • Limburgish: miesje
          • ⇒ Middle Dutch: misschelen
            • Dutch: (obsolete) misschelen, misselen
      • →⇒ Old French: meslinges, meslance (likely, due to the fossilised germanic suffix appended to this word)
    • Old High German: miskian, misgēn, miskēn; miscilōn, miskilōn, miskelōn

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*miskan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 370
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