Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/muldijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *muldō (“soil, mould”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈmul.ði.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*muldijaną^[1]

To cover with soil
To dig land

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*muldijō	*muldijaų	—	*muldijai	?
2nd singular	*muldīsi	*muldijais	*muldī	*muldijasai	*muldijaisau
3rd singular	*muldīþi	*muldijai	*muldijaþau	*muldijaþai	*muldijaiþau
1st dual	*muldijōs	*muldijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*muldijaþiz	*muldijaiþiz	*muldijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*muldijamaz	*muldijaim	—	*muldijanþai	*muldijainþau
2nd plural	*muldīþ	*muldijaiþ	*muldīþ	*muldijanþai	*muldijainþau
3rd plural	*muldijanþi	*muldijain	*muldijanþau	*muldijanþai	*muldijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*muldidǭ	*muldidēdį̄
2nd singular	*muldidēz	*muldidēdīz
3rd singular	*muldidē	*muldidēdī
1st dual	*muldidēdū	*muldidēdīw
2nd dual	*muldidēdudiz	*muldidēdīdiz
1st plural	*muldidēdum	*muldidēdīm
2nd plural	*muldidēdud	*muldidēdīd
3rd plural	*muldidēdun	*muldidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*muldijandz	*muldidaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *muldijan
- Old English: *myldan
  - ⇒ Old English: bemyldan
- Old High German: multen
Old Norse: mylda
- Icelandic: mylda

References

^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*muldjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 275

[1] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*muldjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 275

[1]