Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/nanþijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *ninþaną (“to dare”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈnɑn.θi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*nanþijaną

to dare

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*nanþijō	*nanþijaų	—	*nanþijai	?
2nd singular	*nanþīsi	*nanþijais	*nanþī	*nanþijasai	*nanþijaisau
3rd singular	*nanþīþi	*nanþijai	*nanþijaþau	*nanþijaþai	*nanþijaiþau
1st dual	*nanþijōs	*nanþijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*nanþijaþiz	*nanþijaiþiz	*nanþijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*nanþijamaz	*nanþijaim	—	*nanþijanþai	*nanþijainþau
2nd plural	*nanþīþ	*nanþijaiþ	*nanþīþ	*nanþijanþai	*nanþijainþau
3rd plural	*nanþijanþi	*nanþijain	*nanþijanþau	*nanþijanþai	*nanþijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*nanþidǭ	*nanþidēdį̄
2nd singular	*nanþidēz	*nanþidēdīz
3rd singular	*nanþidē	*nanþidēdī
1st dual	*nanþidēdū	*nanþidēdīw
2nd dual	*nanþidēdudiz	*nanþidēdīdiz
1st plural	*nanþidēdum	*nanþidēdīm
2nd plural	*nanþidēdud	*nanþidēdīd
3rd plural	*nanþidēdun	*nanþidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*nanþijandz	*nanþidaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *nanþijan
- Old English: nēþan
- Old Frisian: nētha
- Old Saxon: nāthian
  - Middle Low German: nêden
- Old Dutch: nenden
  - Middle Dutch: nenden
- Old High German: nenden
  - Middle High German: nenden
Old Norse: nenna
Gothic: *𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*nanþjan)
- ⇒ Gothic: 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (anananþjan)
- ⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gananþjan)