Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rīkijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *rīkijaz (“rulership, kingdom”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈriː.ki.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*rīkijaną^[1]

to lord over, govern; rule, reign

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*rīkijō	*rīkijaų	—	*rīkijai	?
2nd singular	*rīkīsi	*rīkijais	*rīkī	*rīkijasai	*rīkijaisau
3rd singular	*rīkīþi	*rīkijai	*rīkijaþau	*rīkijaþai	*rīkijaiþau
1st dual	*rīkijōs	*rīkijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*rīkijaþiz	*rīkijaiþiz	*rīkijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*rīkijamaz	*rīkijaim	—	*rīkijanþai	*rīkijainþau
2nd plural	*rīkīþ	*rīkijaiþ	*rīkīþ	*rīkijanþai	*rīkijainþau
3rd plural	*rīkijanþi	*rīkijain	*rīkijanþau	*rīkijanþai	*rīkijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*rīkidǭ	*rīkidēdį̄
2nd singular	*rīkidēz	*rīkidēdīz
3rd singular	*rīkidē	*rīkidēdī
1st dual	*rīkidēdū	*rīkidēdīw
2nd dual	*rīkidēdudiz	*rīkidēdīdiz
1st plural	*rīkidēdum	*rīkidēdīm
2nd plural	*rīkidēdud	*rīkidēdīd
3rd plural	*rīkidēdun	*rīkidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*rīkijandz	*rīkidaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *rīkijan
- Old Saxon: *rīkian
  - Middle Low German: rîken, rîchen (“to rule, govern”)
- Old High German: *rīhhen
  - Middle High German: rīchen, riechen (“to rule, govern”)
  - ⇒ Old High German: girīhhan (a strong verb, possibly analogical)
Old Norse: ríkja
- Icelandic: ríkja
- → Middle English: riken (“to reign”)

References

^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*rīkjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 305

[1] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*rīkjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 305

[1]