Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rōkijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *rōkaz (“care”) +‎ *-ijaną,^[1] the former from a Proto-Indo-European *h₂reh₁ǵ- (“to help”) and compared with Ancient Greek ἀρήγω (arḗgō, “to aid; to ward off”).^[2]^[3]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈrɔː.ki.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*rōkijaną

to care, care for, take care of
to mind, heed, attend to

Conjugation

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*rōkijō	*rōkijaų	—	*rōkijai	?
2nd singular	*rōkīsi	*rōkijais	*rōkī	*rōkijasai	*rōkijaisau
3rd singular	*rōkīþi	*rōkijai	*rōkijaþau	*rōkijaþai	*rōkijaiþau
1st dual	*rōkijōs	*rōkijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*rōkijaþiz	*rōkijaiþiz	*rōkijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*rōkijamaz	*rōkijaim	—	*rōkijanþai	*rōkijainþau
2nd plural	*rōkīþ	*rōkijaiþ	*rōkīþ	*rōkijanþai	*rōkijainþau
3rd plural	*rōkijanþi	*rōkijain	*rōkijanþau	*rōkijanþai	*rōkijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*rōkidǭ	*rōkidēdį̄
2nd singular	*rōkidēz	*rōkidēdīz
3rd singular	*rōkidē	*rōkidēdī
1st dual	*rōkidēdū	*rōkidēdīw
2nd dual	*rōkidēdudiz	*rōkidēdīdiz
1st plural	*rōkidēdum	*rōkidēdīm
2nd plural	*rōkidēdud	*rōkidēdīd
3rd plural	*rōkidēdun	*rōkidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*rōkijandz	*rōkidaz

Related terms

*rōkatjaną
*rōkijaz
*rōkiþō

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *rōkijan
- Old English: rēċan, rēċċan
  - Middle English: recchen
    - English: retch
- Old Saxon: rōkian
  - Middle Low German: rôken, rûken
    - Low German: roken, ruken
- Old Dutch: ruoken
  - Middle Dutch: roeken
    - Dutch: roeken (obsolete)
- Old High German: ruohhen, ruochen
  - Middle High German: ruochen, rūchen
  - ⇒ Old High German: giruohhen
    - Middle High German: geruochen
      - German: geruhen
Old Norse: rœkja
- Icelandic: rækja
- → Middle English: reken, rekken
  - English: reck
  - Scots: rek, rak, rack
Old Norse: rœkja (“to care care of, to heed”)
→ Proto-Finnic: *rookkidak (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*rōkjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 307
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*rōkjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 415
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*rōkaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 307

[1] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*rōkjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 307

[2] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*rōkjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 415

[3] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*rōkaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 307

[1]

[2]

[3]