Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rafsijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

  • *rabsijaną

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁rep- (to rip, snatch, tear, pinch).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈrɑɸ.si.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*rafsijaną

  1. to snatch
  2. to punish; flog; chastise; reprove
  3. to blame

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *rafsijō *rafsijaų *rafsijai ?
2nd singular *rafsīsi *rafsijais *rafsī *rafsijasai *rafsijaisau
3rd singular *rafsīþi *rafsijai *rafsijaþau *rafsijaþai *rafsijaiþau
1st dual *rafsijōs *rafsijaiw
2nd dual *rafsijaþiz *rafsijaiþiz *rafsijaþiz
1st plural *rafsijamaz *rafsijaim *rafsijanþai *rafsijainþau
2nd plural *rafsīþ *rafsijaiþ *rafsīþ *rafsijanþai *rafsijainþau
3rd plural *rafsijanþi *rafsijain *rafsijanþau *rafsijanþai *rafsijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *rafsidǭ *rafsidēdį̄
2nd singular *rafsidēz *rafsidēdīz
3rd singular *rafsidē *rafsidēdī
1st dual *rafsidēdū *rafsidēdīw
2nd dual *rafsidēdudiz *rafsidēdīdiz
1st plural *rafsidēdum *rafsidēdīm
2nd plural *rafsidēdud *rafsidēdīd
3rd plural *rafsidēdun *rafsidēdīn
present past
participles *rafsijandz *rafsidaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *rafsijan, *rafisijan, *rafisōn, *rabsijan, *rabsōn
    • Old English: refsan, ræpsan, ræfsan, repsan
    • Old Frisian: *repsa, respa, *respja
      • West Frisian: rispje
    • Old Saxon: repsian, ripsōn
      • Middle Low German: *rispen
    • Old Dutch: respen, *repsen
    • Old High German: rafsjan, refsen, repsen, respen
  • Old Norse: refsa, repsa
    • Icelandic: refsa
    • Faroese: revsa
    • Norwegian: refse
    • Old Swedish: ræfsa, ræpsa
    • Danish: revse