Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rukkijaną
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From *rukkiz (“pull, jerk”) + *-janą, ultimately from the same source as *rukkōną (“to rock”).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈruk.ki.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
Inflection
| active voice | passive voice | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive | |
| 1st singular | *rukkijō | *rukkijaų | — | *rukkijai | ? | |
| 2nd singular | *rukkīsi | *rukkijais | *rukkī | *rukkijasai | *rukkijaisau | |
| 3rd singular | *rukkīþi | *rukkijai | *rukkijaþau | *rukkijaþai | *rukkijaiþau | |
| 1st dual | *rukkijōs | *rukkijaiw | — | — | — | |
| 2nd dual | *rukkijaþiz | *rukkijaiþiz | *rukkijaþiz | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *rukkijamaz | *rukkijaim | — | *rukkijanþai | *rukkijainþau | |
| 2nd plural | *rukkīþ | *rukkijaiþ | *rukkīþ | *rukkijanþai | *rukkijainþau | |
| 3rd plural | *rukkijanþi | *rukkijain | *rukkijanþau | *rukkijanþai | *rukkijainþau | |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| 1st singular | *rukkidǭ | *rukkidēdį̄ | ||||
| 2nd singular | *rukkidēz | *rukkidēdīz | ||||
| 3rd singular | *rukkidē | *rukkidēdī | ||||
| 1st dual | *rukkidēdū | *rukkidēdīw | ||||
| 2nd dual | *rukkidēdudiz | *rukkidēdīdiz | ||||
| 1st plural | *rukkidēdum | *rukkidēdīm | ||||
| 2nd plural | *rukkidēdud | *rukkidēdīd | ||||
| 3rd plural | *rukkidēdun | *rukkidēdīn | ||||
| present | past | |||||
| participles | *rukkijandz | *rukkidaz | ||||
Related terms
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *rukkijan
- Old English: *ryċċan
- Old Saxon: *rukkian
- Old Dutch: *rukken
- Old High German: rucken
- Old Norse: rykkja
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*rukk/gōn- 1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 417: “*rukkjan-”
- ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*rukkjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 308