Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sek

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *se + *ge.[1][2] Compare *mek and *þek.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /sek/

Pronoun

*sek

  1. accusative of *se-

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *sik
    • Old Frisian: sik (likely borrowed)
      • Saterland Frisian: sik
    • Old Saxon: sik
    • Old Dutch: sik, sic, sich, sig (only in Limburgish)
      • Middle Dutch: sich, sic, sik (spread to other eastern dialects)
        • Dutch: zich (standardized, likely reinforced by German sich)
          • Afrikaans: sig (rare, obsolete)
      • Limburgish: zich
    • Old High German: sih
      • Middle High German: sich
        • Bavarian: si, sich
        • Central Franconian: sich, sech
        • East Central German: sich
          • Zipser German: ßich
        • German: sich
        • Yiddish: זיך (zikh)
        • → Middle Dutch: sich
        • → Middle Low German: sik, sek (adapted to native mik, dik)
          • Low German: sik, sick (variant spelling), sük, sück (East Frisian, northern Emsland), sek, seck (Eastphalian, East Prussian), sich (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern)
  • Old Norse: sik
    • Icelandic: sig
    • Faroese: seg
    • Norwegian Bokmål: seg
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: seg
    • Jamtish: seg
    • Old Swedish: sik
    • Danish: sig
  • Old Norse: -sk (passive verb suffix)
    • Icelandic: -st
    • Norwegian:
      • Norwegian Bokmål: -s
      • Norwegian Nynorsk: -st
    • Swedish: -s
    • Danish: -s
  • Gothic: 𐍃𐌹𐌺 (sik)

References

  1. ^ Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, page 282
  2. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*seke”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 323
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