Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skakulaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

*skakilaz

Etymology

From *skakaną +‎ *-ulaz.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈskɑ.ku.lɑz/

Noun

*skakulaz m

a link in a chain
a fetter

Inflection

Declension of *skakulaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*skakulaz	skakulōz, skakulōs
vocative	*skakul	skakulōz, skakulōs
accusative	*skakulą	*skakulanz
genitive	skakulas, skakulis	*skakulǫ̂
dative	*skakulai	*skakulamaz
instrumental	*skakulō	*skakulamiz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *skakul, *skakil
- Old English: sċacul, sċeacul, sċeacel; sċecel (< *skakilaz)
  - Middle English: schakel, schakil, schakkyl, schakle, schakyll, shakel, shakill, shakyl, shakyll, shekyl (from Old English sċecel)
    - English: shackle
      - → Danish: sjækkel
      - → Norwegian: sjakkel
      - → Swedish: schackel
      - → Marshallese: jakōļ
    - Middle Scots: schaikill, schakill, schekill
      - Scots: shakle, shackle, sheckle
- Old Frisian: *skakel
  - Saterland Frisian: Schakel
  - West Frisian: skeakel (possibly from Middle Dutch)
- Old Saxon: *skakul
  - Middle Low German: schākel
    - German Low German: Schakel
    - → German: Schäckel, Schäkel
- Old Dutch: *skakul
  - Middle Dutch: scākel, schakel, schaeckel
    - Dutch: schakel
Old Norse: skǫkull; skekill (< *skakilaz)
- Icelandic: skökull, skekill, skekkill
- Norwegian: skakel
- Swedish: skakel
- Danish: skagle