Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skalbijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *skelbaną (“to shiver, to tremble”) +‎ *-janą (“causative suffix”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈskɑl.βi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*skalbijaną[1]

  1. to make shiver, to make tremble

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *skalbijō *skalbijaų — *skalbijai ?
2nd singular *skalbīsi *skalbijais *skalbī *skalbijasai *skalbijaisau
3rd singular *skalbīþi *skalbijai *skalbijaþau *skalbijaþai *skalbijaiþau
1st dual *skalbijōs *skalbijaiw — — —
2nd dual *skalbijaþiz *skalbijaiþiz *skalbijaþiz — —
1st plural *skalbijamaz *skalbijaim — *skalbijanþai *skalbijainþau
2nd plural *skalbīþ *skalbijaiþ *skalbīþ *skalbijanþai *skalbijainþau
3rd plural *skalbijanþi *skalbijain *skalbijanþau *skalbijanþai *skalbijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *skalbidǭ *skalbidēdį̄
2nd singular *skalbidēz *skalbidēdīz
3rd singular *skalbidē *skalbidēdī
1st dual *skalbidēdū *skalbidēdīw
2nd dual *skalbidēdudiz *skalbidēdīdiz
1st plural *skalbidēdum *skalbidēdīm
2nd plural *skalbidēdud *skalbidēdīd
3rd plural *skalbidēdun *skalbidēdīn
present past
participles *skalbijandz *skalbidaz

Descendants

  • ⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *uʀskalbijan
    • Old English: āsċielfan
  • Old Norse: skelfa

References

  1. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*skalbjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 332
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