Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skandō

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From earlier *skamdō, pre-Germanic *skomtéh₂, from *sko-m- (root of *skamō (“shame”)) + *-téh₂.^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈskɑn.dɔː/

Noun

*skandō f

shame, disgrace

Inflection

Declension of *skandō (ō-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*skandō	*skandôz
vocative	*skandō	*skandôz
accusative	*skandǭ	*skandōz
genitive	*skandōz	*skandǫ̂
dative	*skandōi	*skandōmaz
instrumental	*skandō	*skandōmiz

Derived terms

*skandijaną

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *skandu
- Old English: sċand, sċeand, sċeond, sċond; sċendle
  - Middle English: schande, schonde; (schandle)
    - English: shand, shond
- Old Frisian: skande, skonde
  - Saterland Frisian: Skounde
  - West Frisian: skande
- Old Saxon: *skanda
  - Middle Low German: schande
    - German Low German: Schande, Schanne, Schann
    - → Danish: skand (in compounds: e.g. skandskrift)
- Old Dutch: *scanda
  - Middle Dutch: schande
    - Dutch: schande
      - Afrikaans: skande
- Old High German: skanta, scanta, scanda
  - Middle High German: schande
    - German: Schande
      - → Yiddish: שאַנדע (shande)
        → English: shanda, shonda
    - Luxembourgish: Schan
    - Yiddish: שאַנד (shand)
Gothic: 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 (skanda)

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*skandō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page xxxi

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*skandō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page xxxi

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