Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skikkijaną
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *skeg- or *skek- (“to jump; move”), perhaps from *skehaną + *-kijaną (intensive suffix). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈskik.ki.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*skikkijaną (West Germanic)
Inflection
| active voice | passive voice | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive | |
| 1st singular | *skikkijō | *skikkijaų | — | *skikkijai | ? | |
| 2nd singular | *skikkīsi | *skikkijais | *skikkī | *skikkijasai | *skikkijaisau | |
| 3rd singular | *skikkīþi | *skikkijai | *skikkijaþau | *skikkijaþai | *skikkijaiþau | |
| 1st dual | *skikkijōs | *skikkijaiw | — | — | — | |
| 2nd dual | *skikkijaþiz | *skikkijaiþiz | *skikkijaþiz | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *skikkijamaz | *skikkijaim | — | *skikkijanþai | *skikkijainþau | |
| 2nd plural | *skikkīþ | *skikkijaiþ | *skikkīþ | *skikkijanþai | *skikkijainþau | |
| 3rd plural | *skikkijanþi | *skikkijain | *skikkijanþau | *skikkijanþai | *skikkijainþau | |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| 1st singular | *skikkidǭ | *skikkidēdį̄ | ||||
| 2nd singular | *skikkidēz | *skikkidēdīz | ||||
| 3rd singular | *skikkidē | *skikkidēdī | ||||
| 1st dual | *skikkidēdū | *skikkidēdīw | ||||
| 2nd dual | *skikkidēdudiz | *skikkidēdīdiz | ||||
| 1st plural | *skikkidēdum | *skikkidēdīm | ||||
| 2nd plural | *skikkidēdud | *skikkidēdīd | ||||
| 3rd plural | *skikkidēdun | *skikkidēdīn | ||||
| present | past | |||||
| participles | *skikkijandz | *skikkidaz | ||||
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *skikkijan
- Old English: *sċiċċan
- Middle English: skekken (possibly from Dutch or Low German?)
- Old Frisian: skikka, skitza
- West Frisian: skikke
- Old Saxon: *skikkian
- Middle Low German: schicken
- German Low German: schicken
- → Old Norse: skikka
- → Middle French: chicaner
- French: chicaner; chicanerie
- → German: schikanieren
- → English: chicanery
- → Polish: szykanować
- French: chicaner; chicanerie
- Middle Low German: schicken
- Old Dutch: *skikken
- Old High German: *skicchen
- Old English: *sċiċċan