Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skiulijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

Etymology

*skeulą (“shelter”) +‎ *-ijaną (“verbal suffix”).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈskiu.li.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*skiulijaną

  1. to shelter, hide

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *skiulijō *skiulijaų — *skiulijai ?
2nd singular *skiulīsi *skiulijais *skiulī *skiulijasai *skiulijaisau
3rd singular *skiulīþi *skiulijai *skiulijaþau *skiulijaþai *skiulijaiþau
1st dual *skiulijōs *skiulijaiw — — —
2nd dual *skiulijaþiz *skiulijaiþiz *skiulijaþiz — —
1st plural *skiulijamaz *skiulijaim — *skiulijanþai *skiulijainþau
2nd plural *skiulīþ *skiulijaiþ *skiulīþ *skiulijanþai *skiulijainþau
3rd plural *skiulijanþi *skiulijain *skiulijanþau *skiulijanþai *skiulijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *skiulidǭ *skiulidēdį̄
2nd singular *skiulidēz *skiulidēdīz
3rd singular *skiulidē *skiulidēdī
1st dual *skiulidēdū *skiulidēdīw
2nd dual *skiulidēdudiz *skiulidēdīdiz
1st plural *skiulidēdum *skiulidēdīm
2nd plural *skiulidēdud *skiulidēdīd
3rd plural *skiulidēdun *skiulidēdīn
present past
participles *skiulijandz *skiulidaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *skūlijan
    • ⇒ Old Frisian: skūlia (perhaps derived from skūl (“hiding-place”))
      • Saterland Frisian: sküülje
      • West Frisian: skûlje
    • Old Saxon: *skūlian
    • Old Dutch: *skūlen
    • Old High German: *skūlen
      • Middle High German: schūlen
        • German: (archaic) schaulen
  • Old Norse: skýla

References

  1. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*skeuljanan ~ *skūljanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 339
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