Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/smalaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *smol(H)-o-s, traditionally traced back further to Proto-Indo-European *(s)mal- (“small”) (alternatively reconstructed as *(s)mel-), though Kroonen appears implicitly skeptical and assigns no cognates outside of Germanic.^[1] Compare Proto-Slavic *malъ (“small; little”) and Latin malus (“bad”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsmɑ.lɑz/

Adjective

*smalaz

small

Inflection

Declension of *smalaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*smalaz	*smalō	*smalą, -atō	*smalai	*smalôz	*smalō
accusative	*smalanǭ	*smalǭ	*smalą, -atō	*smalanz	*smalōz	*smalō
genitive	*smalas, -is	*smalaizōz	*smalas, -is	*smalaizǫ̂	*smalaizǫ̂	*smalaizǫ̂
dative	*smalammai	*smalaizōi	*smalammai	*smalaimaz	*smalaimaz	*smalaimaz
instrumental	*smalanō	*smalaizō	*smalanō	*smalaimiz	*smalaimiz	*smalaimiz

Weak declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*smalô	*smalǭ	*smalô	*smalaniz	*smalōniz	*smalōnō
accusative	*smalanų	*smalōnų	*smalô	*smalanunz	*smalōnunz	*smalōnō
genitive	*smaliniz	*smalōniz	*smaliniz	*smalanǫ̂	*smalōnǫ̂	*smalanǫ̂
dative	*smalini	*smalōni	*smalini	*smalammaz	*smalōmaz	*smalammaz
instrumental	*smalinē	*smalōnē	*smalinē	*smalammiz	*smalōmiz	*smalammiz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *smal
- Old English: smæl
  - Middle English: smal
    - Scots: smal, smaw
    - English: small
- Old Frisian: smel
  - North Frisian: smaal, smääl, smeel
  - Saterland Frisian: smäl
  - West Frisian: smel
- Old Saxon: smal
  - Middle Low German: smal
    - Low German: small
- Old Dutch: smal
  - Middle Dutch: smal
    - Dutch: smal
- Old High German: smal
  - Middle High German: smal
    - Bavarian: schmål, schmoi
    - German: schmal
    - Hunsrik: schmaal
    - Luxembourgish: schmuel
    - Vilamovian: śmoł
    - Yiddish: שמאָל (shmol)
Old Norse: smalr (late Old Norse; possibly borrowed from Low German)
- Icelandic: smalur
- Faroese: smalur
- Norwegian: smal
- Swedish: smal
- Danish: smal
Gothic: *𐍃𐌼𐌰𐌻𐍃 (*smals)
- ⇒ Gothic: 𐍃𐌼𐌰𐌻𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍃 (smalists)

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*smala-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 456

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*smala-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 456

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