Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/smirwijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *smerwą (“butter, grease”) +‎ *-janą.^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsmir.wi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*smirwijaną

to smear, anoint

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*smirwijō	*smirwijaų	—	*smirwijai	?
2nd singular	*smirwīsi	*smirwijais	*smirwī	*smirwijasai	*smirwijaisau
3rd singular	*smirwīþi	*smirwijai	*smirwijaþau	*smirwijaþai	*smirwijaiþau
1st dual	*smirwijōs	*smirwijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*smirwijaþiz	*smirwijaiþiz	*smirwijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*smirwijamaz	*smirwijaim	—	*smirwijanþai	*smirwijainþau
2nd plural	*smirwīþ	*smirwijaiþ	*smirwīþ	*smirwijanþai	*smirwijainþau
3rd plural	*smirwijanþi	*smirwijain	*smirwijanþau	*smirwijanþai	*smirwijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*smirwidǭ	*smirwidēdį̄
2nd singular	*smirwidēz	*smirwidēdīz
3rd singular	*smirwidē	*smirwidēdī
1st dual	*smirwidēdū	*smirwidēdīw
2nd dual	*smirwidēdudiz	*smirwidēdīdiz
1st plural	*smirwidēdum	*smirwidēdīm
2nd plural	*smirwidēdud	*smirwidēdīd
3rd plural	*smirwidēdun	*smirwidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*smirwijandz	*smirwidaz

Derived terms

*smirwislą

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *smirwijan
- Old English: smirwan, smierwan, smyrian, smerian
  - Middle English: smerien, smeren
    - English: smear
    - Scots: smere, smeir
- Old Frisian: *smera
  - Saterland Frisian: smeere
  - West Frisian: smarre
- Old Saxon: *smirwian, *smirian
  - Middle Low German: smeren
    - Low German: smeren
- Old Dutch: *smirwen, *smiren
  - Middle Dutch: smeren
    - Dutch: smeren
      - Afrikaans: smeer
      - Negerhollands: smeer
      - → Indonesian: semir
      - → Papiamentu: smer
      - → West Frisian: smeare
- Old High German: smirwen
  - Middle High German: smirwen
    - Alemannic German: schmirre
    - German: schmieren
      - → Polish: szmira
    - Hunsrik: schmeere
    - Luxembourgish: schmieren
    - Yiddish: שמיר (shmir)
      - → English: shmear
Old Norse: smyrva, smyrja
- Icelandic: smyrja
- Faroese: smyrja
- Norwegian Nynorsk: smyrja, smørja
- Elfdalian: smyra
- Old Swedish: smyria
  - Swedish: smörja
- Old Danish: smyriæ, smøræ
  - Scanian: smøra
  - Danish: smøre, smørre
    - Norwegian Bokmål: smøre
- Gutnish: smöire, smöre

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*smerwa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 458: “*smerwjan-”

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*smerwa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 458: “*smerwjan-”

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