Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stahlijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *stahlą (“steel”) +‎ *-janą.[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈstɑx.li.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*stahlijaną[1]

  1. to temper, to harden, to steel

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *stahlijō *stahlijaų — *stahlijai ?
2nd singular *stahlīsi *stahlijais *stahlī *stahlijasai *stahlijaisau
3rd singular *stahlīþi *stahlijai *stahlijaþau *stahlijaþai *stahlijaiþau
1st dual *stahlijōs *stahlijaiw — — —
2nd dual *stahlijaþiz *stahlijaiþiz *stahlijaþiz — —
1st plural *stahlijamaz *stahlijaim — *stahlijanþai *stahlijainþau
2nd plural *stahlīþ *stahlijaiþ *stahlīþ *stahlijanþai *stahlijainþau
3rd plural *stahlijanþi *stahlijain *stahlijanþau *stahlijanþai *stahlijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *stahlidǭ *stahlidēdį̄
2nd singular *stahlidēz *stahlidēdīz
3rd singular *stahlidē *stahlidēdī
1st dual *stahlidēdū *stahlidēdīw
2nd dual *stahlidēdudiz *stahlidēdīdiz
1st plural *stahlidēdum *stahlidēdīm
2nd plural *stahlidēdud *stahlidēdīd
3rd plural *stahlidēdun *stahlidēdīn
present past
participles *stahlijandz *stahlidaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *stahlijan
    • Old English: stilan
    • Old Saxon: *stelian
    • Old High German: stehelen, stahelen
      • Middle High German: stehelen, stahelen
  • Old Norse: stæla

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*staxljanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 369
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